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Research Interests

Marine Hydrogeology

在海洋地壳中，流体在玄武岩基底含水层和上覆层之间流动 海洋是热输运、溶质输运和蚀变的重要控制因素 of the crust. As sediments gradually accumulate on oceanic crust, they change the nature of fluid circulation within the basement aquifer. My interests in marine hydrogeology 包括海洋地壳流体和热循环模式，渗透率演化 of ocean crust, and fluid and heat flow through seafloor sediments. I have studied 流体和热量在不同的环境中流动，包括大洋中脊的侧翼， subduction zones (e.g., Costa Rica, Nankai Trough, Cascadia, and southern Chile), and estuaries.

 

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点击此链接了解正在进行的热液循环研究项目的信息 in oceanic crust approaching the Cascadia subduction zone: CHINOoK (Cascadia Hydrothermal circulation IN Ocean (K)rust).

下图:部署AUV哨兵的照片，用于绘制俄勒冈州近海的一个渗漏点.

 

随着洋壳的俯冲，洋壳内部的流体循环是控制洋壳俯冲的重要因素 zone temperature. With current and former students, I have studied the evolution of hydrothermal circulation in subducting crust. In these studies, we examined some general 俯冲地壳中流体和热循环的各个方面-例如，进入多深 一个俯冲带可以使海洋地壳含水层的流体循环持续，以及什么 are the thermal consequences of that circulation?  We have examined fluid and heat 南开海槽(日本南部)、卡斯卡迪亚、智利南部、墨西哥的环流; and northern Japan subduction zones.  We found that the thermal effects of fluid circulation 在俯冲地壳中可能延伸出板块边界断层的发震部分 closer to the shoreline and populated areas than previously estimated.

我也对从矿物质脱水反应中提取的水如何影响感兴趣 the fluid pressure distribution in subduction zones.  In the subduction zone offshore 在哥斯达黎加，我研究了矿物质中水分的释放是如何影响分布的 板块边界断层上的流体超压(因此是有效应力).  那项研究的重点是在相当低的温度下沉积物中的脱水反应 (<150 ˚C).  In ongoing projects, I am examining how the release of water from the 温度较高的洋壳基底岩可能影响其分布 俯冲带的超流体压力，以及流体是如何从俯冲中产生的 slab link with mantle wedge alteration and melting.  This has implications for understanding the overall “plumbing system” of subduction zones.

 

Fault zone permeability

在与我们部门的地质学家和水文地质学家的合作下，我正在工作 野外尺度断裂带胶结作用的地质、地球物理和水文研究 and permeability. Geologic faults usually make the news only when they have produced damaging earthquakes.  However, faults also quietly have an important impact on society 大多数人从来没有想过——他们控制着地下水和石油的流动 in aquifers and oil fields.  In fact, a fault acting as a barrier for fluids can make the difference between a productive water or oil well and a terrible one.   This is 格兰德河含水层系统就是如此，在这个系统中，地下水位可以变化数百倍 of feet as fault zones are crossed. Through this study, we will address the difficult 天然胶结物在控制其易患性方面所起的作用 fluids pass through faults. 

 Below: Photo of a strongly-cemented portion of the Loma Blanca Fault.

水泥是由数千年来从地下水中沉淀的矿物质组成的 of years or more.  As the minerals precipitate they fill pores in the rock, clogging them, and making it difficult for fluids to flow. However, determining the distribution of fault-zone cements is difficult.  As a result, fault-zone cementation is typically not accounted for in estimates of the impact of faults on fluid flow. In our study, 我们正在利用天然水泥独特的电学特性来绘制地图 它们的三维分布在北部几英里处异常暴露的断裂带 of Socorro, NM.  Then, we will directly measure the impact of the cements on groundwater flow by drawing water from wells adjacent to the fault.

Below: Coring and well-installation operations at the Loma Blanca Fault.

 

Sedimentology/sediment physical properties

沉积物类型和孔隙度的变化会导致沉积物的巨大差异 permeability. 我以前的沉积物导向研究范围从确定沉积 从反射地震资料到实验室资料的加利福尼亚北部边缘的模式 旧金山湾、胡安河沉积物的固结和渗透性测试 de Fuca Ridge flank, and the Congo Fan.

我在这个领域的一些工作考察了热、成岩和固结史 of sediment approaching the Nankai Trough subduction zone off Japan. I have examined silica cementation of hemipelagic sediment on the Nankai margin. I sailed on an IODP 考察接近和进入沉积物的胶结/变形 the Nankai Trough subduction zone.  I am also characterizing the thermal state of the Nankai Trough subduction zone.

Publications

* indicates student first author, Spinelli primary advisor

*Norvell, B., *T. Kyritz, G.A. Spinelli, R.N. Harris, K. Dickerson, A.M. Tréhu, S. Carbotte, S. Han, B. Boston, M. Lee, and the CHINOoK project science party, 2023. Thermally significant fluid seepage through 胡安德富卡板块上的厚沉积物进入卡斯卡迪亚俯冲带， Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 24, e2023GC010868, http://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC010868.

Spinelli, G.A., A. Clark, M. Clark, S. Edel, S. Farrar, J. Fastle, C. Greigo, et al., 2022. Magnetic field intensity evidence for a buried basalt body in Socorro Canyon. In 新墨西哥州地质学会第72届秋季野外会议 Guidebook, ed. D.J. Koning, K.J. Hobbs, F.M. Phillips, W.J. Nelson, S.M. Cather, A.C. Jakle, and B. Van Der Werff, 112–113. http://doi.org/10.56577/FFC-72.

*Barnes, H., *J.R. Hinojosa, G.A. Spinelli, P.S. Mozley, D. Koning, T.G. Sproule, and J.L. Wilson, 2021.  Detecting fault zone 利用电阻率法切割古河谷特征和古河谷 Fault, New Mexico, Geophysics, http://doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0375.1.

Harris, R.N., G.A. Spinelli, M. Hutnak, 2020.  Heat flow evidence for hydrothermal circulation in oceanic crust offshore Grays Harbor, Washington, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, http://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008879.

*Sproule, T.G., G.A. Spinelli, J.L. Wilson, M.D. Fort, P.S. Mozley, and J. Ciarico, 2020. The effects of fault-zone cementation on groundwater flow at the field scale, Groundwater, http://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13062.

*Lucero, A.C., G.A. Spinelli, J. He, 2019.  The Thermal Effects of Plate-Bending-Related Thickening of the Oceanic Crustal Aquifer in the Nankai Trough and Japan Trench Subduction Zones, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2018JB016556. Abstract.

Huepers, A., L.N. Warr, G. Grathoff, K. Wemmer, G. Spinelli, and M. Underwood, 2019. Spatio-temporal characterization of smectite-to-illite diagenesis 在海底3公里以下的样本显示的南开海槽增生棱镜中， Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. doi:10.1029/2018GC008015. Abstract.

Spinelli, G., I. Wada, K. Wang, J. He, R. Harris, and M. Underwood, in 2018. Diagenetic, metamorphic, 以及俯冲地壳中热液循环的水文地质后果， Geosphere. doi: 10.1130/GES01653.1. Abstract.

Harris, R.N., G.A. Spinelli, and A.T. Fisher, 2017. Hydrothermal circulation and the thermal structure of shallow subduction zones, Geosphere, doi:10.1130/GES01498.1. Abstract.

*Perry, M., G.A. Spinelli, I. Wada, and J. He, 2016. Modeled temperatures and fluid source distribution for 墨西哥俯冲带:热液循环的影响及其意义 for plate boundary seismic processes, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, doi:10.1002/2015GC006148. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., I. Wada, J. He, and M. Perry, 2016. The thermal effect of fluid circulation in the subducting crust on slab melting in the Chile subduction zone, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 434, 101-111, doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.11.031. Abstract.

*Rotman, H.M.M., and G.A. Spinelli, 2014. Remarkably consistent thermal state of the south central Chile subduction zone from 36°S to 45°S, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1002/2013JB010811. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., 2014. 进入南开洋壳的长距离流体和热输运 subduction zone, NanTroSEIZE transect, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 389, 86-94, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.013. Abstract.

*Rotman, H.M.M., and G.A. Spinelli, 2013. 流体流动对俯冲带温度影响的全球分析 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, doi:10.1002/ggge.20205. Abstract.

Harris, R., M. Yamano, M. Kinoshita, G. Spinelli, H. Hamamoto, and J. Ashi, 2013. A synthesis of heat flow determinations and thermal modeling along the Nankai Trough, Japan, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1002/jgrb.50230. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., and A. Hutton, 2013. Data report: amorphous silica content of sediment from Sites C0011 and C0012 in the Shikoku Basin on the NanTroSEIZE transect, Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, 322, doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.322.204.2013. Article.

*Cozzens, B.D., and G.A. Spinelli, 2012. 由于俯冲过程中的流体循环，卡斯卡迪亚有较宽的孕震带 oceanic crust, Geology, 40 (10), 899-902, doi:10.1130/G33019.1. Article.

Spinelli, G.A., and R.N. Harris, 2011. Thermal effects of hydrothermal circulation and seamount subduction: 日本南开海槽发震区实验样带的温度 Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12, Q0AD21, doi:10.1029/2011GC003727. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., and R.N. Harris, 2011. Effects of the legacy of axial cooling on partitioning of hydrothermal heat extraction from oceanic lithosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, B09102, doi:10.1029/2011JB008248. Abstract.

Harris, R.N., F. Schmidt-Schierhorn, and G.A. Spinelli, 2011. 沿着NanTroSEIZE样带的热流:来自IODP探险的结果315 and 316 offshore the Kii Peninsula, Japan, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12, Q0AD16, doi:10.1029/2011GC003593. Abstract.

*White, R., G.A. Spinelli, P.S. Mozley, and N.W. Dunbar, 2010. Importance of volcanic glass alteration to sediment stabilization: offshore Japan, Sedimentology, 58 (5), 1138-1154, doi:10.1111/j.1365-3091.2010.01198.x. Abstract.

Harris, R.N., G.A. Spinelli, C.R. Ranero, I. Grevemeyer, and H. Villinger, 2010. The thermal regime of the Costa 美洲边缘楔块2:中美洲浅层俯冲带的热模式 offshore Costa Rica, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems,11 (12), Q12S28, doi:10.1029/2010GC003272. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Wang, K., 2009. Links between fluid circulation, temperature, and metamorphism in subducting slabs, Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L13302, doi:10.1029/2009GL038706. Abstract.

*Kummer, T.D., Spinelli, G.A., 2009. 俯冲基底含水层流体循环的热效应 ocean crust,Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, B03104, doi:10.1029/2008JB006197. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Wang, K., 2008. Effects of fluid circulation in subducting crust on Nankai margin seismogenic zone temperatures, Geology, 36 (11), 887-890. Abstract.

Hutnak, M., Fisher, A.T., Harris, R., Stein, C., Wang, K., Spinelli, G., Schindler, M., Villinger, H., and E. Silver, 2008. Surprisingly large heat and fluid fluxes driven through mid-plate outcrops on ocean crust, Nature Geoscience, doi:10.1038/ngeo264. Abstract.

*Kummer, T.D., Spinelli, G.A., 2008. 俯冲地壳的热液循环降低了俯冲带的温度.Geology, 36 (1), 91-94. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Saffer, D.M., 2007. Trench-parallel fluid flow in subduction zones resulting from temperature differences.Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 8, Q09009, doi:10.1029/2007GC001673. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Mozley, P.S., Tobin, H.J., Underwood, M.B., Hoffman, N.W., Bellew, G.M., 2007. Diagenesis, 靠近南开海槽俯冲的沉积物孔隙崩塌 zone. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 119 (3), 377-390. Abstract.

Hutnak, M., Fisher, A.T., Stein, C., Harris, R., Wang, K., Silver, E., Spinelli, G., Pfender, M., Ellsworth, C., Villinger, H., Pisani, P.C., DeShon, H., MacKnight, B., 2007. Nicoya下方俯冲的18-24 Ma上部岩石圈热状态 Peninsula, northern Costa Rica margin. In T. Dixon and C. Moore (eds.), The Seismogenic Zone of Subduction Thrust Faults, Columbia Univeristy Press.

Pratson, L.F., Nittrouer, C.A., Wiberg, P.L., Steckler, M.S., Swenson, J.B., Cacchione, D.A., Karson, J.A., Murray, A.B., Wolinsky, M.A., Gerber, T.P., Mullenbach, B.L., Spinelli, G.A., Fulthorpe, C.S., O’Grady, D.B., Parker, G., Driscoll, N.W., Burger, R.L., Paola, C., Orange, D.L., Field, M.E., Friedrichs, C.T., Fedele, J.J., 2007. Seascape evolution on clastic continental shelves and slopes. In C.A. Nittrouer, J.A. Austin, M.E. Field, J.H. Kravitz, J.P.M. Syvitski, and P.L. Wiberg (eds.), Continental Margin Sedimentation, Blackwell Publishing, p. 339-380.

Spinelli, G.A., Saffer, D.M., Underwood, M.B. 2006. Hydrogeologic responses to three-dimensional temperature variability, Costa Rica subduction margin. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111, B04403, doi:10.1029/2004JB003436. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Underwood, M.B. 2005. Modeling thermal history of subducting crust in Nankai Trough: 原位沉积温度和成岩反应过程的制约. Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L09301, doi:10.1029/2005GL022793. Abstract.

Underwood, M.B., Hoke, K.D., Fisher, A.T., Davis, E.E., Giambalvo, E., Zuehlsdorff, L., Spinelli, G.A. 2005. 浊积岩的物源、地层结构和水文地质影响 位于太平洋卡斯卡迪亚盆地西北部洋中脊侧翼. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 75(1), 149-164. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Fisher, A.T., 2004. Hydrothermal circulation within topographically rough basaltic basement on the Juan de Fuca Ridge flank. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 5, Q02001, doi:10.1029/2003GC000616. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Giambalvo., E.R., Fisher, A.T., 2004. Sediment permeability, distribution, and influence on fluxes in oceanic basement. In Davis, E.E. and Elderfield, H. (Eds.), Hydrogeology of the Oceanic Lithosphere. Cambridge University Press.

Spinelli, G.A., Saffer, D.M., 2004. Along-strike variations in underthrust sediment dewatering on the Nicoya margin, Costa Rica related to the updip limit of seismicity. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L04613, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018863. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Underwood, M.B., 2004. Character of sediment entering the Costa Rica subduction zone: Implications for partitioning of water along the plate interface. The Island Arc, 13(3), 432-451. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Zuehlsdorff, L., Fisher, A.T., Spiess, V., Wheat, C.G., Mottl, M.J., Giambalvo, E.R., 2004. 东翼地下基底脊上方热液渗漏模式 of the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109 (B1), B01102, doi:10.1029/2003JB002476. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Field, M.E., 2003. Controls of tectonics and sediment source locations on along 北加州边缘海侵沉积的走向变化. Marine Geology, 197 (1-4), 35-47. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Fisher, A.T., Wheat, C.G., Tryon, M.D., Brown, K.D., Flegal, A.R., 2002. Groundwater 渗漏计和孔隙水估计流入旧金山湾北部的渗漏量 geochemistry: Implications for dissolved metals budgets,Water Resources Research, 38 (7), doi: 10.1029/2001WR000827. Abstract.

Spinelli, G.A., Field, M.E., 2001. Evolution of continental slope gullies on the northern California margin, Journal of Sedimentary Research, 71 (2), 237-245. Abstract.

Alley, R.B., Shuman, C.A., Meese, D.A., Gow, A.J., Taylor, K.C., Cuffey, K.M., Fitzpatrick, J.J., Grootes, P.M., Zielinski, G.A., Ram, M., Spinelli, G.A., Elder, B., 1997. GISP2冰芯的视觉地层测年:基础、可重复性 and application, Journal of Geophysical Research, 102 (C12), p. 26367-26381.